Medtronic Defibrillator

AEDs Used For Sudden Cardiac Arrest

Defibrillator: Its Different Forms and Uses

In the field of medicine, a defibrillator plays a very essential role. When heartbeat becomes dangerously fast and chaotic due to ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia, defibrillators deliver an electrical shock to the heart to restore a normal heart rhythm. Using it helps prevent cardiac arrest and cardiac death from happening. Patients with cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, QT syndrome or survivors of sudden cardiac death require defibrillation.

Defibrillation is the ultimate treatment for life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia. To deliver a therapeutic jolt of electrical energy to the affected heart, a defibrillator is used. Such treatment restores normal heart rhythms before cardiac arrest occurs. It works by depolarizing a critical mass of the heart muscle, stopping the arrhythmia, and reestablishing normal sinus rhythm.

REVIEW ARTICLE: Current Concepts: Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators after Myocardial Infarction (New England Journal of Medicine)REVIEW ARTICLE: Current Concepts: Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators after Myocardial Infarction (New England Journal of Medicine)
Patients with a history of myocardial infarction and a reduced ejection fraction are at increased risk for life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. Which of these patients are the most appropriate candidates for implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy is unclear. Factors influencing the decision are discussed.

There are different forms and sizes of defibrillators. Those types you see in a hospital are called manual defibrillators or defibrillator paddles or, and they can only be operated by healthcare professionals. On the other hand, the AED can be used by lay people with only less training, which is handy for emergency purposes where no healthcare professional is around. ICDs or implantable cardio-verter defibrillators are implantable in the patient’s chest.

Manual defibrillators can either be external or internal. External types work with electrocardiogram readers, which allow the clinician to diagnose a cardiac condition. Then, basing on previous knowledge and experience, the clinician will deliver the appropriate charge in joules through pads or paddles on the patient’s chest. Doing so requires detailed medical knowledge, and for this reason, these units are usually found only in hospitals and some ambulances.

Manual internal defibrillators are similar to manual external defibrillators. Only, internal leads which are in direct contact to the heart are used to deliver the shocks. The leads function both ways: either to detect an abnormal rhythm or to deliver the actual shock. Usually, you can find such units in operating rooms, where the chest is likely to be open, or can be easily opened by a surgeon.

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Automated external defibrillators are available for emergency purposes. They are preprogrammed units using computer technology that are designed to analyze the heart rhythm and advise whether a shock is required. Lay persons can operate AEDs with minimal training. They are either PADs or public access defibrillators and can be found in corporate or government offices, hotels, airports and shopping centers. Or, they could be held by skilled personnel who will attend incidents.

ICDs or implantable cardio-verter defibrillators are another form. Such units are implantable (patient’s chest), and can perform the same function as pacemaking. ICDs regularly check on the patient’s heart rhythm, and if required, also corrects arrhythmia or abnormal heart rhythm based on the device’s programming. The pacemaker can be used together with ICDs for events that involve treating complex arrhythmias.

Those are some of the various forms and uses of a defibrillator. Although they vary in shapes and sizes, all of them aim to convert an unhealthy cardiac rhythm into a more standard rhythm. It plays a significant role in saving lives of people, whether the unit is automated or manual, internal or external, or used by medical professionals or lay men.

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